Equus Mandibles with no sign of Periostitis ( Bone spurs )

  1 This image shows two right mandible pieces and a full mandible, they were all found within a mile and a half of the same waterway.

  2 - They all have one thing in common apart from the fact there all Equus, that is a complete lack of  Mandibular Periostitis, damage caused by the use of a bit, on all three examples.

  3 - No damage, Work horses race horses etc. were  particularly susceptible to bone spurs  ( Mandibular Periostitis )  caused by the use of a bit.
 

  4 - The tooth surface on all three examples, show no signs of interference by humans. I have found and excavated many Equus mandible pieces in the becks of south west Cleveland, but am yet to see any signs of Human use.

Impact to Equus skull excavated from the old river Tees at Thornaby on Tees Cleveland.

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The first image shows the impact damage on the inner side of the skull.

  2 - This image sows the damage i believe must have been caused by a blunt impact.

  3 - It is possible the damage was done by rubbish in the river flow, but i think this is unlikely as there is no other damage to the jaw or skull.

  4 - This looks deliberate and not modern in any way.

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Preserved leather

I have no idea how old the preserved leather is in the images below, they were all found in Stainton and Maltby becks.


I 1 I have found similar hand made preserved leather in all of the deep beck locations in the south west area of Cleveland North East England.

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  5 The piece at the top has copper nails attached.

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  9 The studs are made of iron - steel

  10 This piece has what looks to be a set of gates marked out with some sort of needle.

  11 closer view

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  14 The holes to the top edge look like lace holes of some kind.

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